Diagnosis: Ophthalmologists diagnose various eye conditions and diseases through comprehensive eye examinations, which may involve assessing visual acuity, checking eye movements, examining the structures of the eye, and performing specialized tests such as tonometry (eye pressure measurement) and dilated eye exams. Treatment: They provide medical and surgical treatment for a wide range of eye conditions, including refractive errors (such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism), cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal disorders. Treatment options may include prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses, medications, laser therapy, or surgical procedures. Surgery: Ophthalmologists perform various eye surgeries to correct vision problems or treat eye diseases. Common procedures include cataract surgery, LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) for refractive errors, glaucoma surgery, retinal surgery, and corneal transplantation. Management of Eye Injuries: In cases of eye trauma or injury, ophthalmologists provide immediate care to prevent further damage and promote healing. This may involve procedures such as suturing lacerations, removing foreign bodies, or treating chemical burns to the eyes. Management of Systemic Diseases Affecting the Eyes: Ophthalmologists also manage eye complications associated with systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. Prescribing Medications: They prescribe medications such as eye drops, ointments, or oral medications to treat various eye conditions, reduce inflammation, control intraocular pressure, or manage infections. Routine Eye Care: Ophthalmologists provide routine eye care services, including comprehensive eye exams for individuals of all ages to assess vision health, detect eye diseases early, and prescribe corrective lenses as needed. Collaboration with Other Healthcare Professionals: Ophthalmologists collaborate with other healthcare providers, including optometrists, primary care physicians, neurologists, and surgeons from other specialties, to provide comprehensive care for patients with complex medical conditions or systemic diseases affecting the eyes. Patient Education and Counseling: They educate patients about their eye conditions, treatment options, and preventive measures to maintain good eye health. They also provide counseling on lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking or managing diabetes, to reduce the risk of eye diseases.